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HGH - Hormonul uman de creștere

Human growth hormone (HGH) is a vital hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland, playing a key role in normal growth and development. Secretion of this Growth Hormone (GH) begins at birth, peaking during late adolescence before declining in the second decade of life. For over 40 years, GH has been prescribed to treat various medical conditions, but its popularity surged in the last 30 years as people sought it for anti-aging, bodybuilding, and performance enhancement, making it one of the top abused substances among athletes.

Ce este hormonul uman de creștere?

Abbreviated as HGH, hGH, or GH, this hormone stimulates cell production, growth, and metabolic functions in the body. Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, located at the base of the skull, GH collaborates with other hormones to ensure proper growth and development. GH levels peak during puberty and decrease significantly by age 40.

Available in health food stores and by alternative care practitioners, GH often comes under brand names such as Genotropin, Humatrope, Norditropin, Nutropin, Saizen, and Serostim.

Farmacologie

The majority of accessible GH is produced via recombinant DNA technology, with two primary synthetic forms: somatropin and somatrem. These types exhibit similar pharmacological actions and, once administered, are indistinguishable from natural GH. GH binds to specific receptors in various tissues, stimulating a range of cellular actions and offering multiple physiological benefits including metabolism regulation, fluid balance, and increased muscle and skeletal mass. Stress, sleep, and exercise typically elevate GH levels.

When Do GH Levels Change?

Medical conditions can arise from both low and high GH levels. Excessive human growth hormone can lead to conditions like acromegaly, characterized by abnormal growth and severe health complications, or pituitary gigantism, marked by extreme height. Conversely, GH deficiency can cause serious health issues, including various short stature conditions.

Utilizări clinice aprobate ale GH

The FDA has sanctioned several injectable preparations of HGH, requiring a prescription from a licensed physician. Initially approved in 1985 for treating growth hormone deficiency (GHD), subsequent approvals include Prader-Willi syndrome, chronic renal insufficiency-related short stature, Turner syndrome, idiopathic short stature, and intrauterine growth retardation. GH therapy is also approved for treating GHD linked to pituitary tumors and for adults suffering from AIDS-related wasting syndrome.

• Creșterea masei musculare și a densității osoase
• Scăderea grăsimii corporale
• Îmbunătățirea funcției cognitive
• Îmbunătățirea performanțelor fizice
• Toleranță mai mare la stresul cardiovascular

Dozaj

GH is exclusively administered via injections—either subcutaneous or intramuscular—as oral intake is ineffective. The hormone acts rapidly upon absorption, but the optimal dosage remains uncertain. While emerging research suggests dosing based on IGF levels, many physicians base it on body weight, typically 0.01-0.1 mg/kg for adults, contingent upon the product type and intended use. GH may be available in powder or liquid form, with powders requiring solubilization in saline before administration.

Efectele secundare ale hormonului de creștere

GH can lead to various distressing side effects, including:

• Edem generalizat
• Sindromul tunelului carpian
• Disconfort articular și muscular
• Neuropathies (e.g., numbness, tingling)
• Niveluri crescute de glucoză din sânge

Is a Prescription Required for GH?

GH can only be prescribed legally for FDA-approved conditions, though off-label uses, such as performance enhancement and anti-aging, exist. Many off-label applications remain unapproved owing to the risks potentially outweighing any benefits. While marketed as a universal solution, GH poses serious side effects that should be considered carefully before initiation.

Riscurile potențiale ale consumului de GH

Overdose of GH can induce serious conditions like acromegaly due to excessive hormone levels. Given that GH promotes cell growth, it can also inadvertently trigger cancer cell proliferation, leading to severe outcomes such as leukemia and malignant tumors. Lesser side effects include fluid retention, carpal tunnel syndrome, joint pain, and type 2 diabetes, necessitating thorough consideration by those contemplating GH therapy for anti-aging.

Utilizarea off-Label

Culturism

Common off-label uses of GH include bodybuilding and anti-aging. GH ranks among the most misused drugs by athletes, often accessed illegally and costing bodybuilders between $500-$2000 monthly. Its effects remain hard to pinpoint, as users typically combine it with numerous other substances. Detection of GH abuse is challenging, contributing to its widespread misuse.

Anti-îmbătrânire

Many seek GH for youthfulness, hoping to lessen wrinkles and facial lines; however, it is not FDA-approved for anti-aging and lacks scientific evidence for these claims. The buzz around GH has spawned a $70 million industry of ineffective “copycat” treatments, with genuine injections costing anti-aging enthusiasts thousands annually.

Disponibilitate

Most acquire HGH illegally, sometimes stolen from pharmacies or obtained from unethical physicians prescribing it off-label. Others smuggle it in from abroad, and countless online pharmacies sell it, often without patient evaluations. While genuine GH requires injection, many promote it in less effective forms like sprays or gels, which offer minimal absorption.

Limitări ale testării

Detection of synthetic GH in the body is notably difficult; current methods can only identify its presence within 48 hours post-injection, a fact well-known among athletes.

Sermorelin

Sermorelin, a newer drug, is a counterfeit version of Geref. It acts as a growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, stimulating endogenous GH production. Like GH, it is not detectable in the blood or urine after a specific time. Although it takes 3-4 weeks for noticeable effects, Sermorelin lacks significant side effects associated with GH, primarily targeting an aging population and not serving as an effective GH replacement, with costs ranging from $300-$1000 monthly.

Stare de control

The misuse of HGH has led to federal regulations restricting its sale and distribution. The 1990 Anabolic Steroids Control Act criminalizes possession and distribution, with stiff penalties. In 2007, legislation to classify HGH as a schedule III controlled substance was introduced. GH is also recognized as a performance-enhancing substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency and the International Olympic Committee, barring its use in athletics.